중국 중국(중국어 간체자: 中国, 정체자: 中國, 병음: Zhōngguó 중궈[*], 영어: China 차이나[*])은 중화인민공화국과 중화민국을 일컫는 단어이다. 본디 중국 대륙은 청나라 때까지 한 국가였으나, 1949년에 국공내전에서 승패가 갈리면서 중화인민공화국과 중화민국, 실질적으로 두 국가로 된 이래 현재까지 이어지고 있으나 양측은 하나의 중국, 일국양제 원칙에 합의하였다. 다만 둘 중 어느측이 합법 정부인지는 각자의 해석에 맡긴다는 단서를 달았다. 유엔에서의 국제법과 중화인민공화국과 수교하는 전세계 대부분의 국가에서는 압도적인 인구와 영토를 점유하고 있는 중화인민공화국을 합법적인 중국 정부로 인정하며 대만은 그 일부로 받아들인다. 다만 최근 전략 경쟁의 일환으로 미국 등 일부 국가가 이를 뒤집으려는 시도를 하고 있어 중국과의 심각한 외교 문제가 되고 있다. 대만으로도 불리는 중화민국과 정식 수교하며 합법 중국 정부로 인정하는 국가는 2023년 현재 전세계 12개국이며 그 수는 점차 줄어드는 추세이다.The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area. Each region now considered part of the Chinese world has experienced periods of unity, fracture, prosperity, and strife. Chinese civilization first emerged in the Yellow River valley, which along with the Yangtze basin constitutes the geographic core of the Chinese cultural sphere. China maintains a rich diversity of ethnic and linguistic people groups. The traditional lens for viewing Chinese history is the dynastic cycle: imperial dynasties rise and fall, and are ascribed certain achievements. Throughout pervades the narrative that Chinese civilization can be traced as an unbroken thread many thousands of years into the past, making it one of the cradles of civilization. At various times, states representative of a dominant Chinese culture have directly controlled areas stretching as far west as the Tian Shan, the Tarim Basin, and the Himalayas, as far north as the Sayan Mountains, and as far south as the delta of the Red River.The Neolithic period saw increasingly complex polities begin to emerge along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The Erlitou culture in the central plains of China is sometimes identified with the Xia dynasty (3rd millennium BCE) of traditional Chinese historiography. The earliest surviving written Chinese dates to roughly 1250 BCE, consisting of divinations inscribed on oracle bones. Chinese bronze inscriptions, ritual texts dedicated to ancestors, form another large corpus of early Chinese writing. The earliest strata of received literature in Chinese include poetry, divination, and records of official speeches. China is believed to be one of a very few loci of independent invention of writing, and the earliest surviving records display an already-mature written language. The culture remembered by the earliest extant literature is that of the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE), China's Axial age, during which the Mandate of Heaven was introduced, and foundations laid for philosophies such as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, and Wuxing.

 중국

중국(중국어 간체자: 中国, 정체자: 中國, 병음: Zhōngguó 중궈[*], 영어: China 차이나[*])은 중화인민공화국과 중화민국을 일컫는 단어이다. 본디 중국 대륙은 청나라 때까지 한 국가였으나, 1949년에 국공내전에서 승패가 갈리면서 중화인민공화국과 중화민국, 실질적으로 두 국가로 된 이래 현재까지 이어지고 있으나 양측은 하나의 중국, 일국양제 원칙에 합의하였다. 다만 둘 중 어느측이 합법 정부인지는 각자의 해석에 맡긴다는 단서를 달았다. 유엔에서의 국제법과 중화인민공화국과 수교하는 전세계 대부분의 국가에서는 압도적인 인구와 영토를 점유하고 있는 중화인민공화국을 합법적인 중국 정부로 인정하며 대만은 그 일부로 받아들인다. 다만 최근 전략 경쟁의 일환으로 미국 등 일부 국가가 이를 뒤집으려는 시도를 하고 있어 중국과의 심각한 외교 문제가 되고 있다. 대만으로도 불리는 중화민국과 정식 수교하며 합법 중국 정부로 인정하는 국가는 2023년 현재 전세계 12개국이며 그 수는 점차 줄어드는 추세이다.The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area. Each region now considered part of the Chinese world has experienced periods of unity, fracture, prosperity, and strife. Chinese civilization first emerged in the Yellow River valley, which along with the Yangtze basin constitutes the geographic core of the Chinese cultural sphere. China maintains a rich diversity of ethnic and linguistic people groups. The traditional lens for viewing Chinese history is the dynastic cycle: imperial dynasties rise and fall, and are ascribed certain achievements. Throughout pervades the narrative that Chinese civilization can be traced as an unbroken thread many thousands of years into the past, making it one of the cradles of civilization. At various times, states representative of a dominant Chinese culture have directly controlled areas stretching as far west as the Tian Shan, the Tarim Basin, and the Himalayas, as far north as the Sayan Mountains, and as far south as the delta of the Red River.The Neolithic period saw increasingly complex polities begin to emerge along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The Erlitou culture in the central plains of China is sometimes identified with the Xia dynasty (3rd millennium BCE) of traditional Chinese historiography. The earliest surviving written Chinese dates to roughly 1250 BCE, consisting of divinations inscribed on oracle bones. Chinese bronze inscriptions, ritual texts dedicated to ancestors, form another large corpus of early Chinese writing. The earliest strata of received literature in Chinese include poetry, divination, and records of official speeches. China is believed to be one of a very few loci of independent invention of writing, and the earliest surviving records display an already-mature written language. The culture remembered by the earliest extant literature is that of the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE), China's Axial age, during which the Mandate of Heaven was introduced, and foundations laid for philosophies such as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, and Wuxing.

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